Periodontal Gum Disease
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Periodontology is the science that deals with the surrounding tissues of the teeth. Inflammatory diseases that occur in these tissues for different reasons are called periodontal diseases. Seventy percent of tooth loss in adults is caused by periiontal diseases. Such diseases can be easily treated with early diagnosis. The treatment of gum diseases helps to protect natural teeth, provide more comfortable chewing and facilitate digestion.
How can gum diseases be prevented?
Regular dental check-ups in a six-month period is the most important step to take. Plaque and food residues accumulated on the teeth turn into tartar with saliva in the long term. Even if the formation of tartar changes depending on more than one factor such as daily oral hygiene, nutrition, salivation, it is seen in every person. Although it is brushed, it is not possible to completely clean the tooth surface where tartar is present. Cleaning the tartar regularly by the dentist at certain intervals helps to ensure hygiene together with the brushing process. On the other hand, these controls provide a preliminary diagnosis of the disease that may occur in the gums and take precautions in terms of caries in the teeth. Physiological tissue loss occurs in the mouth and teeth with advancing age. Early and regular controls prevent problems that may occur in later ages.
What are the symptoms of gum disease?
The main symptoms of gum diseases are; bleeding in the gums during brushing, red, swollen and sensitive gums, bad breath, receding gums, gums separating from the teeth, inflammatory discharge between the gums, wobble in the teeth or gaps between the teeth, lower and upper teeth during biting the change in the relations between them and the change in the harmony of the existing prosthesis.
What are the causes of gum disease?
The main cause of periodontal diseases is bacterial plaque. Other factors such as smoking, systemic disorders, some medications, stress and nutrition also affect gum health. On the other hand, meticulous attention should be paid to prevent diseases or conditions affecting the body system from causing complications in dental treatments, and the physician should be informed about the subject.
How are gum diseases treated?
In cases of early diagnosis of gingival diseases, non-surgical treatments are usually sufficient. In periodontal treatment, tooth and root surface cleaning is performed. Occlusion is controlled by giving oral hygiene training. The areas that cause the accumulation of food residues (caries or wisdom teeth) are removed. The purpose of this method is to reduce or eliminate inflammation in the gums.
What are surgical periodontal treatments?
Advanced periodontal diseases require surgical treatment. With this treatment, tartar is cleaned, periodontal pockets are removed, the root surface is smooth and the patient has gingiva that can be easily cleaned.
Gingival recessions are treated with connective tissue or free gum graft operations. Surgical interventions are as follows:
Subgingival Curettage: If the tissue does not heal at the expected level after the periodontal treatment in the first stage, the gingiva is anesthetized with anesthesia and the inflamed tissues and calculus under the gingiva are removed.
Gingivectomy and Gingivoplasty: It is a surgical procedure performed to form the thickened gingival margins, to correct the gingival structure and to treat gingival enlargements.
Flap operation: It is a surgical procedure applied to prevent the progression of periodontal disease and to create an environment that can control plaque. During this procedure, the area is anesthetized with local anesthesia, and the gingiva, root surface and bone are lifted to expose. Inflamed tissues are removed and the root surface is leveled. Necessary bone corrections are also made during the procedure. In case of progression of bone destruction, support structures are created using bone grafts, membranes or proteins.